米兰体育app下载 替代照明系统抑制 1+ 大西洋鲑鱼 (Salmo salar) 在商业网箱中饲养的小鲑鱼收获前性成熟的潜力

引用

Leclercq E、Taylor J、Sprague M 和 Migaud H (2011) 替代照明系统抑制商业网箱饲养的 1 条以上大西洋鲑鱼 (Salmo salar) 幼鲑收获前性成熟的潜力。水产养殖工程，44 (2)，第 35-47 页。 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2010.12.001

摘要
The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of new candidate lighting-technologies (50W ‘blue’ light-emitting-diode (B, λmax = 465 nm); 232 W ‘green’ hot cathode, (G, λmax = 546 nm); 400 W ‘red’ tungsten-halogen, (R, λmax = 667 to 740 nm)) against a standard 400 W ‘white’ metal-halide used as control technology (C, broad spectrum) at suppressing sexual maturation of 1+ Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in sea-cages. A total of seven experimental set-ups were tested on a commercial-scale in three trials using a standardised photoperiod regime in the form of continuous artificial-light (LL) applied from winter to summer solstice during the second year at sea. The experimental stocks were raised under an ambient thermal regime that was similar across all trials. Technical performances (spectral output, light-attenuation and irradiance distance) of the individual light-units were measured and light-perception was assessed by quantifying plasma melatonin levels. Body-size parameters (BW, FL, K) were measured at the switch-on and turn-off of the photoperiod regimes. Maturation rates were estimated at the end of the light-treatments and at harvest. The B-unit provided the shortest effective irradiance distance (distance from the light-bulb to the minimum irradiance suppressing plasma melatonin to basal day-time level = 0.016 W m-2) but the longest relative to its energy consumption; while the G- and R-units did not offer a comparative advantage over the C-unit in that regard (B>C>G>R)。夜间血浆褪黑激素和成熟率与使用一系列发射不同光谱轮廓的技术提供的光强度成比例地降低。光强度而不是光光谱组成似乎是对性成熟产生负面影响的主要参数。在将夜间血浆褪黑激素抑制至与白天水平相比增加 1.2 倍但未增加至 1.7 倍的治疗中观察到对成熟的最大抑制，证实光辐照度的阈值水平对于获得所需效果是必要的。结果表明，这可以在标准商业实践下实现，方法是在目前使用的光周期范围内应用连续人工照明，（电）能耗为 0.28 Wh m-3，产生 0.012 W m-2 的平均辐照度，并提供相当于饲养环境 12% 的最小有效辐照度。由于已报道大西洋鲑鱼具有强烈的光吸引力，如此低的生物有效辐照度可能就足够了。在大西洋鲑鱼养殖业中，使用替代光技术可以最大限度地抑制收获前的性成熟。目前的数据提供了有利于实施光周期操纵的方法和阈值，以最有利的规模和成本抑制收获前的成熟。

关键字
鲑鱼；照明技术；光强度；性成熟；褪黑激素；大西洋鲑鱼；光周期现象；鱼类生长

期刊
水产养殖工程：第 44 卷，第 2 期

• LeclercqLightTech.pdf